Fig. 6.

Expression of MCP1 (white), VCAM1 (oblique), ICAM1 (chequer) and PAI1 (black) in human aortic endothelial cells (a). b, c Human aortic SMC proliferation under treatments as labelled. Data were obtained from three to four independent experiments; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ^† p < 0.005. d Phalloidin-TRITC/DAPI staining showing actin cytoskeleton and nuclear morphology of human aortic SMCs with or without treatments as labelled. Scale bars 50 μm. Doses of reagents used are described in the Results section. PKF275-055 (vildagliptin analogue), DPP-4 inhibitor