Table 4.

—Independent Predictors of GOLD Stage II+ COPD in Never Smokers: Multivariate Logistic Model

	Women ( n = 2,578)			Men (n = 1,311)
Variable	OR	P Value	95% CI	OR	P Value	95% CI
Age, y
40-49	Reference			Reference
50-59	1.37	.311	0.75-2.52	2.71	.023	1.14-6.38
60-69	4.31	< .001	2.50-7.44	4.88	< .001	2.03-11.70
70-79	6.15	< .001	3.31-11.44	10.85	< .001	4.32-27.22
80+	12.97	< .001	6.56-25.65	29.02	< .001	8.56-98.39
Education, y
1-y increase	0.94	.005	0.90-0.98	0.99	.700	0.93-1.05
≥ 10 y exposure in high-risk occupation
Organic dust	1.96	.007	1.20-3.20	2.18	.054	0.99-4.80
Inorganic dusta	…	…	…	0.72	.617	0.19-2.65
Gases/vapors	0.65	.506	0.18-2.32	1.54	.270	0.71-3.34
Biomass fuel
≥ 10 y cooking	1.03	.899	0.67-1.57	1.39	.514	0.52-3.75
≥ 10 y heating	0.81	.386	0.50-1.31	0.55	.255	0.20-1.53
Passive smoking
Exposed	1.53	.064	0.98-2.41	0.97	.954	0.40-2.40
Childhood hospitalization
Yes	2.21	.087	0.89-5.47	2.82	.065	0.94-8.51
Comorbidities, diagnosis
HD/HT/DM	1.13	.499	0.79-1.63	1.28	.433	0.69-2.36
Asthma	4.62	< .001	3.04-7.02	4.12	< .001	2.06-8.26
TB	1.47	.323	0.69-3.12	1.65	.464	0.43-6.34
BMI, kg/m2
BMI < 20	2.56	.002	1.40-4.71	13.39	< .001	3.67-48.84
≥ 20 BMI < 25	Reference			Reference
≥ 25 BMI < 30	0.74	.182	0.48-1.15	1.28	.518	0.61-2.67
≥ 30 BMI < 35	0.65	.130	0.37-1.14	2.19	.066	0.95-5.05
BMI ≥ 35	0.62	.147	0.33-1.18	3.19	.030	1.11-9.11

DM = diabetes mellitus; HD = heart disease; HT = hypertension.

^aThis term was excluded from the model for women as there were only 11 women with the exposure, none of whom had GOLD stage II+ COPD, making the OR unestimable.