Figure 4.

Results of path analysis showing relationships between social rank, the hypoallometric size trait and fitness components among 50 adult female spotted hyenas. All paths are shown with relationships significant at p ≤ 0.20. Path coefficients are given above paths that are significant at p ≤ 0.10. Arrow width corresponds to the magnitude of the path coefficient, with positive coefficients indicated by solid lines and negative coefficients indicated by dashed lines. The highest social rank an individual can achieve is ‘1’, so negative path coefficients indicate that rank is positively related to the response variable. Path coefficients are almost identical to MLE estimates; 95% bootstrap CIs are given in electronic supplementary material, table S5, and agree in all cases with significances of path coefficients. The correlation shown between ARS and cub survival is the MLE estimate, for reasons discussed in §3.