Table 3.
Talairach coordinates and t values of peak activation for regions (signifi cant clusters at p < .020 with contiguity threshold) for which contrasts (Negative vs. Neutral or Positive vs Neutral) differ between groups
| Talairach Coordinates for peak values | Area | BA | Volume (mm3) | t value for peak values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative vs. Neutral | |||||
| PBD > ADHD | |||||
| 50, 35, 14 | R inferior FG (VLPFC) | 45/46 | 1080 | 4.10 | |
| 32, −46, 65 | R precuneus | 7 | 405 | 3.10 | |
| 5, −43, 35 | R posterior CG | 31 | 729 | 3.01 | |
| −1, −55, 23 | L posterior CG | 31 | 1269 | 2.85 | |
| 29, −34, −4 | R parahippocampal gyrus | 297 | 2.97 | ||
| ADHD > PBD | |||||
| None | None | None | None | ||
| PBD > HC | |||||
| 2, 62, 12 | R ventral-medial FG | 10 | 351 | 2.57 | |
| −2, 62, 12 | L ventral-medial FG | 10 | 270 | 2.35 | |
| 50, 29, 32 | R middle FG (DLPFC) | 9,46 | 2673 | 3.46 | |
| 41, 35, 14 | R inferior FG (VLPFC) | 47,10 | 297 | 3.38 | |
| 2, 35, 20 | R dorsal ACC | 32 | 297 | 3.40 | |
| 2, −55, 26 | R posterior CG | 31 | 2619 | 2.91 | |
| −61, −13, −4 | L middle TG | 21 | 297 | 2.75 | |
| 2, −64, 56 | R precuneus | 7 | 1755 | 3.02 | |
| −13, −58, 35 | L precuneus | 7 | 999 | 3.43 | |
| 41, −61, 47 | R inferior PL | 40 | 351 | 3.38 | |
| 47, −46, 29 | R supramarginal gyrus | 40 | 351 | 3.81 | |
| HC > PBD | |||||
| None | None | None | None | ||
| ADHD > HC | |||||
| 41, 53, 17 | R superior FG | 10, 46 | 513 | 3.49 | |
| 50, 32, 29 | R middle FG (DLPFC) | 9,46 | 486 | 2.55 | |
| −46, −55, 47 | L inferior PL | 40 | 459 | 4.09 | |
| −25, −64, −31 | L cerebellar tonsil | 324 | 4.32 | ||
| 41, −61, −25 | R cerebellar tuber | 297 | 2.66 | ||
| HC > ADHD | |||||
| 29, 59, −13 | R OFC | 11 | 324 | 3.39 | |
| 50, 32, 11 | R inferior FG (VLPFC) | 45/46 | 999 | 4.20 | |
| −49, 11, −28 | L superior TG | 21 | 432 | 3.09 | |
| Positive vs. Neutral | |||||
| PBD > ADHD | |||||
| −16, 50, 32 | L superior FG | 9 | 351 | 2.44 | |
| −40, 17, −19 | L inferior FG (VLPFC) | 47 | 1107 | 3.12 | |
| −4, −19, 11 | L thalamus | 297 | 3.10 | ||
| 50, −19, −10 | R superior TG | 21 | 837 | 3.06 | |
| 35, −19, −10 | R parahippocampal gyrus | 297 | 2.69 | ||
| ADHD > PBD | |||||
| None | None | None | None | ||
| PBD > HC | |||||
| 5, 62, 14 | R ventro-medial FG | 10 | 378 | 2.99 | |
| −40, 20, −16 | L inferior FG (VLPFC) | 47 | 405 | 4.55 | |
| 44, −55, 50 | R inferior PL | 40 | 1323 | 2.92 | |
| 32, −70, 35 | R precuneus | 19 | 378 | 2.74 | |
| −10, −52, 65 | L precuneus | 7 | 351 | 2.93 | |
| HC > PBD | |||||
| None | None | None | None | ||
| ADHD > HC | |||||
| 29, 56, 32 | R superior/middle FG | 9, 10 | 783 | 3.68 | |
| 47, 29, 35 | R middle FG (DLPFC) | 9 | 351 | 3.31 | |
| −4, 26, −1 | L subgenual ACC | 24 | 324 | 2.97 | |
| −1, 8, 26 | L dorsal ACC | 24 | 486 | 3.61 | |
| 41, −55, 50 | R superior PL | 40 | 1242 | 3.01 | |
| HC > ADHD | |||||
| −34, −19, −13 | L parahippocampal gyrus | 297 | 3.23 | ||
| −49, 5, −28 | L Middle TG | 21 | 378 | 5.08 |
Note. ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; CG = cingulate gyrus; FG = frontal gyrus; TG = temporal gyrus; OG = occipital gyrus; PL = parietal lobule; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex; VLPFC = ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; DLPC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; HC = Healthy Control group; PBD = Pediatric Bipolar Disorder group; ADHD = Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group; BA = Brodmann’s Area; L = Left; R = Right.