Table 1.
Bivariate associations with injection behaviors in the past 6 months among active IDUs (n=851)
| Total (n=851) |
>=2 injection a day N(%) |
Sharing needles# N(%) |
Sharing cookers# N(%) |
Sharing cotton filters# N(%) |
Sharing rinse water# N(%) |
Using pre-filled syringes# N(%) |
Sharing common drug solution# N(%) |
>=2 HIV high risk injection behaviors N(%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 120(14) | 82 (10) | 269(32) | 272(32) | 221(26) | 81(10) | 175(21) | 293(34) | ||
| N(%) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | |
| Age: Mean (SD) | 34.92(7.37) | 0.99(0.96,1.01) | 1.01(0.99,1.05) | 0.99(0.98,1.02) | 0.99(0.97,1.01) | 0.99(0.97,1.01) | 0.99(0.96,1.03) | 1.01(0.99,1.04) | 0.99(0.98–1.01) |
| Marriage status | |||||||||
| Married | 573(68) | 0.44(0.30,0.65)*** | 0.95(0.59,1.54) | 0.82(0.60,1.11) | 0.81(0.60,1.11) | 0.77(0.56,1.07) | 0.99(0.61,1.63) | 1.14(0.79,1.64) | 0.86(0.63,1.16) |
| Single & Other | 269 (32) | ||||||||
| Monthly income: | |||||||||
| <=1500 | 261(35) | ||||||||
| >1500 | 486 (65) | 1.10(0.72,1.70) | 0.33(0.20,0.53)*** | 1.01(0.73,1.39) | 0.99(0.72,1.37) | 0.83(0.59,1.16) | 0.29(0.17,0.47)*** | 0.67(0.46,0.96)* | 0.78(0.57–1.07) |
| Current employment | |||||||||
| Unemployed | 92(11) | ||||||||
| Employed | 747(89) | 1.38(0.70,2.75) | 1.62(0.69,3.84) | 1.22(0.75,1.96) | 0.93(0.59,1.48) | 0.95(0.58,1.54) | 1.34(0.60,3.00) | 0.87(0.52,1.46) | 1.00(0.64–1.58) |
| Highest level of education | |||||||||
| < secondary school | 514(60) | ||||||||
| >=secondary school | 337 (40) | 0.55(0.36,0.85)** | 0.52(0.31,0.87)* | 0.60(0.44,0.81)** | 0.75(0.59,1.02)+ | 0.66(0.48,0.91)* | 0.43(0.25,0.73)** | 0.74(0.53.1.05)+ | 0.67(0.50–0.90)** |
| Arrested in the past year | |||||||||
| Yes | 197 (24) | 1.59(1.04,2.45)* | 2.51(1.56,4.02)*** | 1.45(1.04,2.02)* | 1.34(0.96,1.88)+ | 1.10(0.77,1.57) | 1.68(1.02,2.74)* | 1.91(1.31,2.76)** | 1.41(1.01–1.96)* |
| Ever attended drug treatment | |||||||||
| Yes | 169(21) | 1.08(0.67,1.74) | 0.87(0.48,1.57) | 0.91(0.63,1.31) | 0.89(0.62,1.29) | 0.80(0.54,1.19) | 0.75(0.40,1.40) | 1.48(0.99,2.21)+ | 0.84(0.58–1.20) |
| Age starting injection: | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 25.65 (7.05) | 0.92(0.89,0.95)*** | 1.01(0.98,1.04) | 0.98(0.96,1.00)+ | 0.98(0.96,0.99)+ | 0.98(0.96,1.01) | 0.98(0.95,1.02) | 1.00(0.98,1.03) | 0.98(0.96–0.99)* |
| Injected drugs more than once/day | |||||||||
| Yes | 120(14) | --- | 1.03(0.54,1.97) | 3.12(2.10,4.63)*** | 2.76(1.86,4.09)*** | 2.60(1.74,3.88)*** | 0.29(0.10,0.80)* | 1.32(0.84,2.08) | 2.66(1.80–3.94)*** |
| HIV serostatus | |||||||||
| Negative | 618 (73) | ||||||||
| Positive | 233(27) | 2.89 (1.94,4.29)*** | 0.97(0.59, 1.64) | 0.92(0.66,1.27) | 0.94(0.68, 1.31) | 0.82(0.58,1.17) | 0.86(0.51, 1.47) | 1.30 (0.90, 1.87) | 0.87(0.63,1.20) |
| HCV serostatus | |||||||||
| Negative | 345(41) | ||||||||
| Positive | 506(59) | 2.93(1.84,4.66)*** | 0.65(0.41, 1.02)+ | 1.03(0.77, 1.38) | 1.03(0.77, 1.39) | 0.86(0.63, 1.17) | 0.62(0.39, 0.99)* | 1.22(0.86,1.71) | 0.99(0.74, 1.33) |
| Stigma of drug use | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.95(9.22) | ||||||||
| Low | 408(48) | ||||||||
| High | 443(52) | 3.85(2.44,6.09)*** | 4.19(2.38,7.37) *** | 2.56(1.89,3.47) *** | 2.78(2.04,3.77) *** | 2.64(1.90,3.66) *** | 5.36(2.91,9.86) *** | 1.80(1.27,2.55) ** | 3.06(2.27,4.13)*** |
| Acquiescence factor: Mean (SD) | 9.41 (4.34) | 1.02(0.98,1.07) | 1.24(1.18,1.30)*** | 1.06(1.03,1.10)*** | 1.05(1.01,1.08)** | 1.02(0.99,1.06) | 1.18(1.12,1.23)*** | 1.17(1.13,1.21)*** | 1.07(1.03,1.10)*** |
#
at least once a week
+
p<.10,
*
p<.05,
**
p< 01,
***
p<.001