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. 2011 Aug 11;12:46. doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-46

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Copyright ©2011 Vintiñi and Medina; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines production in Nasal lavages = NL (A), Bronchoalveolar lavages = BAL (B) and Serum (C) of young mice stimulated with protective pneumococcal protein A (PppA) and PppA associated with Lactobacillus casei (PppA+LcV and PppA+LcM). Nasal administration of L. casei was assessed. Non-stimulated young mice that received PBS were also evaluated as controls of basal cytokine levels (control). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6 mice/group at each time point). Significantly different from the control group: *P < 0.01.