Table 1.

List of observations of patchy labeling in cortex

Animal	Cortical area	Width (mm)	Spacing (mm)	References
Cat	Area 17	0.3–0.55	0.6–1.25	Gilbert and Wiesel (1983), Luhmann et al. (1986), Gilbert and Wiesel (1989), Callaway and Katz (1990), Luhmann et al. (1990), Kisvárday and Eysel (1992), Löwel and Singer (1992), Lübke and Albus (1992a, 1992b), and Kisvárday et al. (1997)
	Area 18	0.35–0.65	1–1.5	Matsubara et al. (1985, 1987), Boyd and Matsubara (1991), and Kisvárday et al. (1997)
	Area A1			Matsubara and Phillips (1988), Wallace et al. (1991), Read et al. (2001), and Ojima and Takayanagi (2004)
Ferret	Area 17	0.25	0.6–0.7	Rockland (1985b) and Ruthazer and Stryker (1996)
	Area A1	0.25–0.8		Wallace and Bajwa (1991)
Gray squirrel	Areas 17 and 18			Kaas et al. (1989) but for a conflicting report, see Van Hooser et al. (2006)
Macaque monkey	Area 1	0.375	0.8	Juliano et al. (1989) and Lund et al. (1993)
	Area 3b	0.33	0.795	Juliano et al. (1989) and Lund et al. (1993)
	Area 4	0.5–0.57	0.9–0.95	Lund et al. (1993)
	Area 7a	0.31	0.967	Amir et al. (1993)
	Areas 9 and 46	0.27–0.4	0.54–0.78	Lund et al. (1993), Kritzer and Goldman-Rakic (1995), Puckak et al. (1996) and Malach et al. (1997)
	Prefrontal			Lewis et al. (2002)
	Inferotemporal (IT) area TE	0.45–0.51	0.7–1.3	Levitt et al. (1994) and Tanigawa et al. (2005)
	Inferotemporal (IT) area TEO	0.42	0.7	Levitt et al. (1994)
	Motor (forelimb representation)	0.375–1	0.75–2	Huntley and Jones (1991)
	Area V1	0.15–0.32	0.4–0.75	Fisken et al. (1975), Rockland and Lund (1983), Livingstone and Hubel (1984b), Yoshioka et al. (1992), Amir et al. (1993), Lund et al. (1994), Malach et al. (1993), Coogan and Van Essen (1996), Yoshioka et al. (1996), Angelucci, Levitt, Walton, et al. (2002), Stettler et al. (2002), and Tanigawa et al. (2005)
	Area V2	0.25–0.4	0.6–0.7	Rockland (1985a), Yoshioka et al. (1992), Amir et al. (1993), Lund et al. (1993), and Coogan and Van Essen 1996
	Area V4	0.27–0.35	0.6–0.92	Yoshioka et al. (1992), Amir et al. (1993), and Lund et al. (1993)
Owl monkey	Area MT	0.33	0.827	Malach et al. (1997)
Galago	Area V1			Cusick and Kaas (1988b)
Quokka	Area V1	0.32	0.548	Tyler et al. (1998)
Squirrel monkey	Area V1	0.2	0.4	Rockland and Lund (1983) and Sincich and Blasdel (2001)
	Area V2	0.2–0.27	0.62–0.7	Livingstone and Hubel (1984a), Rockland (1985a), Cusick and Kaas (1988a), and Malach et al. (1994)
	Area DLC (V4)	0.29	0.58	Cusick and Kaas (1988a) and Weller et al. (2000)
	Area DLR			Cusick and Kaas (1988a)
	Areas 3b and 4	0.75	1.5	Jones and Wise (1977)
Human	Area V1	0.3–0.5	0.6–1.0	Burkhalter and Bernardo (1989)
	Area V2	0.3–0.5		Burkhalter and Bernardo (1989)
	Area 22	0.56–0.86	1.02–1.63	Galuske et al. (2000)
	Area 41 (A1)	0.39–0.42	0.87–0.95	Galuske et al. (2000)

Note: References are listed where punctate labeling of intrinsic projections was observed following tangential sectioning or reconstruction of cortical tissue, labeled with various anterograde, retrograde and bidirectional tracers. Values reported here are ranges of reported means, not minima and maxima. Measurements are as reported in the original work, except those marked with , which were estimated by us from the published material. Although a single rodent is included in this table, the presence of a patch system in the rodent is controversial—for a discussion, see Muir and Douglas (2010).