Table 2.

Switch-Error Ratios for the Father in Pedigree A

Smoothing	All Variants	Fully Called Variants Only	Ambiguous Transitions	Switch-Error Ratio for Fully Called Variants (%)
0	2154	366	2	0.0455%
1	182	22	2	0.0030%
2	44	2	2	0.0005%
3	14	2	2	0.0005%
4	6	0	2	0.0002%
5	4
6	4
7	4
8	0

All phase errors involve blocks of less than eight variants. The smoothing value is the number of consecutive discordant variants for which a breakpoint is not counted. In addition to outright errors, there are two ambiguous transitions due to recombinations in a short interval in separate meioses of the same parent. These two counts have been added to the switch-error count for tabulation of the last column (switch-error ratio), thus producing a slight overestimate of the error ratio. These ratios are low compared to previously reported switch-error ratios, which are typically 0.5%–15%.¹⁵ Local errors produce two switch errors, unless they are at the end of a chromosome; values in the table therefore tend to be even.