Table 3.

Presenteeism-related production loss in 872 working patients with rheumatoid arthritis: observed 14-day prevalence and the estimated value of production loss based on the Human Capital approach

Dimension of presenteeism	Patients reporting presenteeism, %
Problems with concentration at work	43.23
Problems with the pace of work	56.77
Need to be alone during working time	36.24
Problems with making decisions	24.43
Experience delays in work progress	47.59
Less able to take over colleague’s work	36.26
Summary estimates per patient	Mean (SD)
No. of dimensions reported	2.42 (2.18)
No. of working days reported	7.98 (3.24)
Production loss (2007-EUR)
Conventional approach	168 (203)
Multiplier approach	203 (245)

Note: The estimates of production loss are based on an average reduction in worker productivity of 0.27 if presenteeism is reported in 3 or more dimensions; the conventional approach estimate uses the workers’ gross wage (age-matched and gender-matched national averages were used) as an approximation for the value of the output generated by a worker, whereas the multiplier approach further includes a multiplier of 1.21 from Pauly et al¹⁹ due to presenteeism often affecting departmental productivity rather than just output per worker.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.