Neutralization of TNF-α, but not IL-22, reactivates lethal M. tuberculosis. Mice were exposed to aerosolized M. tuberculosis with ~100 CFU measured in the lung at 24 h after exposure. One of two experiments, with 10 mice per group, showing individual mice per data point is shown (B, D). Groups of mice were given 1 mg/wk anti–IL-22, anti–TNF-α, or control Ab (isotype) i.p. from week 12 to week 16. A, Kaplan–Meier graph showing percent survival following Ab treatment starting at week 12 until week 16. B, Bacterial burden in the lung and spleen 16 wk postinfection. C, Giemsa-stained lung sections taken from mice at week 16 (5×, 10×, and 40× magnification as indicated). D, Percentage of lung affected by pneumonia at week 16.