Fig. 7.

Relationship between galls and total number of flowers produced over the season. When controlling for the effect of aborted flowers on total flowers, galls and total flowers are not positively related on experimental plants in any of the three populations. This suggests that the positive associations between galls and total flowers in best-fit models of observational data are due to plant compensatory responses. Lines show predicted values of total flowers for gall counts in each population. 95 % confidence intervals of effect sizes were too small to be seen on the graphs. The negative relationship is significant in NED 2006, but not in the other two populations.