The R120 and XH56 rpoC assembly mutations are suppressed by zinc. (A) Genetic context of the R120 and XH56 mutations. The bar at the top represents the 1407-amino-acid β′ subunit from E. coli. The lettered boxes indicate evolutionarily conserved segments. E. coli segment G is expanded underneath and is aligned to the corresponding segments from M. leprae (M.l.), T. maritima (T.m.), H. pylori (H.p.), and tobacco chloroplasts (T), as well as S. acidocaldarius (S.a.), and yeast RNAP I, II, and III (Yp1, Yp2, and Yp3, respectively). The XH56 and R120 mutations are indicated above the E. coli sequence; the three cysteines conserved within the eubacterial lineage are indicated below the tobacco sequence. (B) The overnight growth of the indicated E. coli strains on LB plates with or without 100 μm ZnCl2 at 30°C and 42°C.