Table 1.
Characteristics of bereaved MDD and control participants (n=196)
| Group | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n=108) |
MDD (n=88) |
Test Statistic |
df | p | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 44.06 (13.13) | 44.73 (12.00) | t = 0.37 | 194 | 0.716 |
| Gender, % female (n) | 48.1 (52) | 56.8 (50) | χ2 = 1.46 | 1 | 0.227 |
| Race, % Caucasian (n) | 70.4(76) | 77.9 (67) | χ2 = 7.42 | 1 | 0.115 |
| Ethnicity, % Hispanic/Latino (n) | 9.3 (10) | 3.5 (3) | χ2 = 2.55 | 1 | 0.110 |
| Marital Status, % Married/Living with partner (n) | 37.0 (40) | 17.0 (15) | χ2 = 9.60 | 1 | 0.002 |
| Education, % Partial college or above (n) | 92.6 (100) | 78.4 (69) | χ2 = 8.21 | 1 | 0.004 |
| Time since loss (years), mean (SD) | 13.58 (11.89) | 15.96 (13.25) | t = −0.77 | 67 | 0.187 |
| Comorbidity, % (n) | |||||
| Current Complicated Grief (ICG ≥ 25) | 2.8 (3) | 25.0 (22) | χ2 = 21.98 | 1 | <0.001 |
| At least 1 comorbid disorder | |||||
| Current | 1.9 (2) | 55.2 (48) | χ2 = 71.85 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Lifetime | 9.3 (10) | 56.3 (49) | χ2 = 50.76 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Dysthymic Disorder | |||||
| Current | N/A | 5.8 (5) | -- | -- | -- |
| Panic Disorder | |||||
| Current | N/A | 12.6 (11) | -- | -- | -- |
| Lifetime | N/A | 14.9 (13) | -- | -- | -- |
| Agoraphobia | |||||
| Current | N/A | 9.3 (8) | -- | -- | -- |
| Lifetime | N/A | 10.5 (9) | -- | -- | -- |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | |||||
| Current | N/A | 27.6 (24) | -- | -- | -- |
| Lifetime | N/A | 28.7 (25) | -- | -- | -- |
| Specific Phobia | |||||
| Current | 1.9 (2) | 8.0 (7) | χ2 = 4.20 | 1 | 0.040 |
| Lifetime | 1.9 (2) | 8.0 (7) | χ2 = 4.20 | 1 | 0.040 |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | |||||
| Current | N/A | 4.6 (4) | -- | -- | -- |
| Lifetime | N/A | 5.7 (6) | -- | -- | -- |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |||||
| Current | N/A | 11.6 (10) | -- | -- | -- |
| Lifetime | N/A | 19.8 (17) | -- | -- | -- |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |||||
| Current | N/A | 21.8 (19) | -- | -- | -- |
| Alcohol Abuse | |||||
| Lifetime | 5.6 (6) | 14.8 (13) | χ2 = 4.61 | 1 | 0.032 |
| Alcohol Dependence | |||||
| Lifetime | 2.8 (3) | 15.9 (14) | χ2 = 10.55 | 1 | 0.001 |
| Substance Abuse | |||||
| Lifetime | 2.8 (3) | 9.1 (8) | χ2 = 3.59 | 1 | 0.058 |
| Substance Dependence | |||||
| Lifetime | 1.9 (2) | 12.5 (11) | χ2 = 8.88 | 1 | 0.003 |
Note: Time since loss was available for a subset of total sample (n = 69); Current, but not lifetime, diagnoses were assessed for Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder; N/A = Exclusionary; Disorders that were study exclusions for both groups are not listed.