Table 2.
Characteristics of bereaved MDD participants (n = 88) with CG and without CG
| Group | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD + CG (ICG Score≥25) (n=22) |
MDD – CG (ICG Score<25) (n=66) |
Test Statistic |
df | p | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 47.72 (11.70) | 43.73 (12.03) | t = 1.36 | 89 | 0.177 |
| Gender, % female (n) | 36.4 (8) | 63.6 (42) | χ2 = 5.00 | 1 | 0.025 |
| Race, % Caucasian (n) | 71.4 (15) | 78.8 (52) | χ2 = 0.68 | 1 | 0.410 |
| Ethnicity, % Hispanic/Latino (n) | 4.5 (1) | 3.1 (2) | χ2 = 0.10 | 1 | 0.754 |
| Marital Status, % Married/Living with partner (n) | 18.2 (4) | 16.7 (11) | χ2 = 2.16 | 1 | 0.870 |
| Education, % Partial college or above (n) | 72.7 (16) | 80.3 (53) | χ2 = 0.56 | 1 | 0.455 |
| Time since loss (years), mean (SD) | 13.85 (16.01) | 16.45 (12.92) | t = 0.46 | 24 | 0.653 |
| Comorbidity, % (n) | |||||
| At least 1 comorbid disorder | |||||
| Current | 66.7 (14) | 51.5 (34) | χ2 = 1.48 | 1 | 0.224 |
| Lifetime | 76.2 (16) | 54.5 (36) | χ2 = 2.57 | 1 | 0.109 |
| Dysthymic Disorder | |||||
| Current | 4.8 (1) | 6.2 (4) | χ2 = 0.06 | 1 | 0.813 |
| Panic Disorder | |||||
| Current | 19.0 (4) | 10.6 (7) | χ2 = 1.03 | 1 | 0.311 |
| Lifetime | 19.0 (4) | 13.6 (9) | χ2 = 0.37 | 1 | 0.545 |
| Agoraphobia | |||||
| Current | 19.0 (4) | 6.2 (4) | χ2 = 3.12 | 1 | 0.077 |
| Lifetime | 19.0 (4) | 7.7 (5) | χ2 = 2.18 | 1 | 0.139 |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | |||||
| Current | 38.1 (8) | 24.2 (16) | χ2 = 1.53 | 1 | 0.216 |
| Lifetime | 38.1 (8) | 25.8 (17) | χ2 = 1.18 | 1 | 0.277 |
| Specific Phobia | |||||
| Current | 9.5 (2) | 7.6 (5) | χ2 = 0.08 | 1 | 0.775 |
| Lifetime | 9.5 (2) | 7.6 (5) | χ2 = 0.08 | 1 | 0.775 |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | |||||
| Current | 9.5 (2) | 3.0 (2) | χ2 = 1.53 | 1 | 0.216 |
| Lifetime | 9.5 (2) | 4.5 (3) | χ2 = 0.73 | 1 | 0.393 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |||||
| Current | 14.3 (3) | 10.8 (7) | χ2 = 0.19 | 1 | 0.662 |
| Lifetime | 28.6 (6) | 16.9 (11) | χ2 = 1.36 | 1 | 0.244 |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |||||
| Current | 23.8 (5) | 21.2 (14) | χ2 = 0.06 | 1 | 0.802 |
| Alcohol Abuse | |||||
| Lifetime | 31.8 (7) | 13.6 (9) | χ2 = 3.64 | 1 | 0.056 |
| Alcohol Dependence | |||||
| Lifetime | 40.9 (9) | 7.6 (5) | χ2 = 13.70 | 1 | >0.001 |
| Substance Abuse | |||||
| Lifetime | 9.1 (2) | 9.1 (6) | χ2 = 0.00 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Substance Dependence | |||||
| Lifetime | 18.2 (4) | 10.6 (7) | χ2 = 0.87 | 1 | 0.352 |
| Symptom Severity, Social Support, and Life Events | |||||
| ICG, mean (SD) | 38.09 (9.02) | 11.92 (7.54) | t = 1.36 | 86 | >0.001 |
| MADRS, mean (SD) | 29.67 (5.69) | 28.74 (6.41) | t = 0.59 | 85 | 0.556 |
| HAM-A, mean (SD) | 16.81 (5.46) | 16.03 (6.50) | t = 0.50 | 85 | 0.621 |
| TEQ, mean (SD) | 4.40 (2.62) | 2.94 (2.49) | t = 2.20 | 30 | 0.026 |
| MPSS, mean (SD) | 41.64 (19.38) | 51.23 (18.75) | t = −2.06 | 85 | 0.043 |
Note: Time since loss was available for a subset of the MDD sample (n = 26); Current, but not lifetime, diagnoses were assessed for Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder; Disorders that were study exclusions are not listed.
Abbreviations: ICG = Inventory of Complicated Grief; MADRS = Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; TEQ = Traumatic Events Questionnaire; MPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support