Table 4.
Socioeconomic Characteristics by Maternal HIV Statusa
| HIV-U (n = 140) |
HIV+ (n = 114) |
HIV− (n = 155) |
P Value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House ownership | ||||
| Self | 20.0 | 19.3 | 20.0 | .276 |
| Extended family | 36.4 | 43.0 | 30.3 | |
| Nonfamily | 43.6 | 37.7 | 49.7 | |
| Primary water source | ||||
| Tap in house | 35.7 | 14.9 | 31.6 | <.001 |
| Public tap | 62.9 | 71.9 | 64.5 | |
| Otherb | 1.4 | 13.2 | 3.9 | |
| Toilet facilities | ||||
| Flush | 19.3 | 7.0 | 19.4 | .003 |
| KVIP | 57.1 | 57.9 | 44.5 | |
| Pit | 17.1 | 30.7 | 25.2 | |
| Otherc | 6.4 | 4.3 | 11.0 | |
| Have telephone | 52.5 | 28.1 | 50.3 | <.001 |
| Have electricity | 82.9 | 76.3 | 85.2 | .165 |
| Have TV | 59.3 | 38.6 | 63.9 | <.001 |
| Have radio | 80.0 | 65.8 | 81.9 | .004 |
| Have bike | 27.1 | 13.2 | 20.6 | .024 |
| Have car | 10.7 | 2.6 | 11.0 | .029 |
| Have refrigerator | 35.7 | 22.8 | 45.2 | .001 |
a
HIV-U, HIV status unknown; HIV+, HIV positive; HIV−, HIV negative; KVIP, Kumasi Ventilated Improved Pit latrine. Result presented on 425 women for whom onset-of-lactation data were available. Values are percentages.
b
Included the following: spring, river or stream, public well, borehole, well, bottled water, and dugout.
c
Included bucket and bush.