Table 2.

Measurements in blood sample in the Taiwan Birth Panel Study

Environmental exposures	Specimen	Measures
Smoking	Maternal and cord blood	Cotinine
Heavy metals [25-27]	Maternal and cord blood	Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Be, Sb, Ba, Ce, Pt, Th, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se, Co, Ga, Mo, U
Perfluorinated chemicals	Cord blood	PFHxA, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDeA, PFUA, Me-PFOSA-AcOH, Et-PFOSA-AcOH, PFOSA, PFDoA
Non-persistent pesticides	Cord blood	Organophosphates: chlorpyrifos. Pyrethroids: cypermethrin, flucythrinate.
Diseases
Atopic diseases [23,24]	Maternal, cord blood and child blood at age 2	IgE
	Maternal and cord blood	NGF,VIP
Infection [30,31]	Maternal and cord blood	IgM & IgG of toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus
Genotyping
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
Smoking [21,22]	Maternal and cord blood DNA	CYP1A1 Msp1, CYP1A1 Ile462Val, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1
Pesticides	Maternal and cord blood DNA	Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) L55M, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) Q192R, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) C(-162)T
Mercury	Cord blood DNA	Apolipoprotein E (APOE)
Manganese	Cord blood DNA	Manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (MnSOD2)
Lead	Cord blood DNA	Vitamin D receptor BsmI (VDR BsmI), Vitamin D receptor FokI (VDR FokI), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)
DNA methylation	Cord blood DNA	Illumina methylation array