Table 3.

Quality of RCT studies included in the systematic review

Study	Adequate sequence generationa	Allocation concealmenta	Blindinga	Incomplete data addresseda	Free of selective reportinga	Adjusted for imbalance at baselinea	Free of other biasa	Risk of bias
Constantino [66]	Yes	No	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Fukui et al [55]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Harris & Bodden [67]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Unclear	High
Kremers et al [68]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	High
Lokk [69]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	High
Ollonqvist et al [70]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Routasalo et al [13]	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Savelkoul & de Witte [56]	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
White et al, 2002 [64]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Moderate
Brennan et al [51]	Unclear	Unclear	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Heller et al [58]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	High
MacIntyre et al [71]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Moderate
O'Loughlin et al [57]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Moderate
Schulz [59]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	No	Yes	No	High
Slegers et al [72]	No	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Moderate
Drentea et al [52]	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	High

^a Refer to Higgins & Altman [47] for a definition of these categories