Table 6.
Vote counting stratified by (i) delivery mode, (ii) degree of participation and (iii) intervention type
| Study | Delivery mode | Participatory/non-participatory | Intervention type | Theory-based | Social health | Mental health | Physical health | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loneliness | Social isolation | Structural social support | Functional social support | Depression | Mental wellbeing | ||||||
| Harris & Bodden [67] | Group | Participatory | Activity | Yes | - | - | * | - | - | - | - |
| Routasalo et al [13] | Group | Participatory | Activity | Yes | - | - | * | - | - | - | - |
| Fujiwara et al [74] | Group | Participatory | Activity | Yes | - | - | * | ns | - | - | * |
| Ollonqvist et al [70] | Group | Participatory | Activity | No | ns | - | ns | - | * | - | - |
| Arnetz & Theorell [60] | Group | Participatory | Activity | No | - | - | * | - | ns | ns | - |
| Baumgarten et al [61] | Group | Participatory | Activity | No | - | - | ns | ns | ns | - | - |
| Lokk [69] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | ns | - | * | * | * | * | * |
| Martina & Stevens [75] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | ns | - | * | - | - | * | - |
| Stevens & van Tilburg [77] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | ns | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Fukui et al [55] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | * | - | * | * | - | - | - |
| Evans & Jaureguy [73] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | * | - | * | - | ns | - | - |
| Kremers et al [68] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | * | - | - | - | - | * | - |
| Toseland et al [53] | Group | Participatory | Support | Yes | - | - | * | ns | - | * | - |
| Winningham & Pike [63] | Group | Participatory | Support | No | ns | - | - | * | - | - | - |
| Savelkoul & de Witte [56] | Group | Participatory | Support | No | ns | - | - | - | - | * | * |
| Rosen & Rosen [76] | Group | Participatory | Support | No | - | ns | * | - | - | ns | - |
| Constantino [66] | Group | Participatory | Support | No | - | - | * | - | * | - | - |
| White et al, 2002 [64] | Group | Non-participatory | Internet training | No | ns | - | ns | - | ns | - | - |
| White et al, 1999 [62] | Group | Non-participatory | Internet training | No | ns | - | - | ns | ns | ns | - |
| Drentea et al [52] | Mixed mode | Participatory | Support | No | - | - | - | * | - | - | - |
| Rook & Sorkin [81] | One-to-one | Participatory | Activity | Yes | ns | - | * | ns | ns | ns | - |
| Brennan et al [51] | One-to-one | Participatory | Support | Yes | - | ns | - | - | ns | - | ns |
| Toseland & Smith [54] | One-to-one | Participatory | Support | Yes | - | - | ns | ns | - | * | - |
| Heller et al [58] | One-to-one | Participatory | Support | No | ns | - | - | ns | ns | ns | - |
| Schulz [59] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Home visiting | Yes | - | - | * | - | - | * | * |
| MacIntyre et al [71] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Home visiting | No | - | - | * | ns | - | - | - |
| O'Loughlin et al [57] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Home visiting | No | - | - | ns | ns | - | - | - |
| Bogat & Jason [78] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Home visiting | No | - | - | * | - | - | - | - |
| Mulligan & Bennett [80] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Home visiting | No | - | ns | - | - | - | ns | - |
| Slegers et al [72] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Internet training | No | ns | - | ns | - | ns | ns | - |
| Fokkema & Knipscheer [79] | One-to-one | Non-participatory | Internet training | No | * | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bergman-Evans [65] | Service provision | Participatory | Service provision | Yes | ns | - | - | - | * | - | - |
Key: '*' = statistically significant (p < 0.05) between-group difference, 'ns' = no statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05) between-group difference, '-' = not measured