Reinforcer devaluation. A, Mean ± SEM. difference score for reinforcer devaluation tests 1 (solid bars) and test 2 (hatched bars). B, Mean ± SEM. difference score for reinforcer devaluation test 3 (food only). The difference scores for each group are represented by different symbols; unfilled circles, CON group; light gray filled squares, area 11/13 group; dark gray filled triangles, area 14 group.