Partial recovery of neurogenesis in Gdf11–/–;Fst–/– mouse olfactory epithelium (OE). (A) Schematic of OE structure and lineage. The origin of sustentacular (Sus) cells is uncertain. (B) In situ hybridization (ISH) for the indicated markers. (C) OE thickness (μm), olfactory receptor neuron (ORN; Ncam+) layer thickness (μm), and Neurog1-, Ascl1- and basal Sox2-expressing cells are plotted per mm OE and normalized as a percentage of wild type. Error bars indicate root mean square; *, P≤0.05 by Dunnett's test [DT (Glantz, 2005)]. (D) ISH with the indicated probes. BL, basal lamina; NC, nasal cavity; Str, stroma. Scale bars: 20 μm.