The binding site of E. coli glucose/galactose binding protein, Protein Data Bank ID: 2HPH, with a bound glucose ligand, illustrating stacking of the sugar against the lower tryptophan indole group (shown in yellow). The ligand is also sandwiched by a phenylalanine residue side chain, shown in purple. Residues within 4.5 Å of the ligand are shown, with hydrogen bonds between the sugar ligand and the protein shown as black dashed lines.