Fig. 5A–B.

Graphs show normalized (A) Young’s modulus (E_Y) and (B) dynamic modulus (G*) of constructs exposed to a feeder layer (in direct contact or with a Transwell^® insert separation) compared to feeder-free controls in Study 2 (n = 5 per group). Increased mechanical properties at Day 28 are achieved when constructs are separated from the monolayer, confirming cell-cell contact is unnecessary.