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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2011 Jan 4;40(10):1329–1342. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9625-3

Table 1.

Parameter estimates from three multi-level models assessing developmental trajectories from grade 1 to Age 15

Model parameters Beta coefficient SD p-value
Model for social skills
 Intercept 103.04 2.0 <.001
 Grade −2.04 .28 <.001
 Grade^2 −.25 .03 <.001
 Menarche.Early −0.92 1.64 .577
 African American −9.56 2.26 <.001
 Grade* Menarche.Early .88 .47 .059
 Grade^2* Menarche.Early .13 .05 .012
 Mom's age −.13 .14 .341
 Mom's education .98 .34 .004
 SES .48 .24 .059
 Living with partner −1.0 1.83 .586
 Random effects: τ0 = 13.02 [95% CI: 11.89;14.28]; τ1 = 1.42 [1.23; 1.64]; σ2 = 8.49 [8.19; 8.79]
Model for internalizing problems
 Intercept 46.48 1.23 <.001
 Grade −.25 .17 .139
 Grade^2 −.01 .02 .646
 African American −2.47 1.39 .076
 Menarche.Early 1.84 1.03 .074
 Grade* Menarche.Early −.55 .29 .052
 Grade^2* Menarche.Early −.09 .03 .007
 Mom's age −.18 .09 .038
 Mom's education −.03 .21 .868
 SES .25 .15 .092
 Living with partner .87 1.13 .44
 Random effects: τ0 = 8.19 [7.49; 8.97]; τ1 = .69 [.57; .84]; σ2 = 5.32 [5.14; 5.51]
Model for externalizing problems
 Intercept 47.14 1.15 <.001
 Grade .11 .12 .374
 Grade^2 .06 .01 <.001
 Mom's Age −.20 .09 .027
 Mom's education −.50 .22 .022
 SES −.36 .16 .024
 Living with partner .52 1.15 .650
 Random effects: τ0 = 9.57 [8.84; 10.36]; τ1 = .79 [.68; .91]; σ2