Table I.

Incidence and rate of secondary (recurrent) stroke in children with SCA, by therapeutic intervention following the first stroke event.

Author	Year [Reference]	# patients	Recurrence (%)	Secondary stroke rate per 100 patient-years
Observation alone
Powars et al.	1980 [19]	19	63	13
Moohr et al.	1982 [20]	14	83	54
Russell et al.	1984 [21]	10	90	108
Balkaran et al.	1992 [22]	15	47	25 (estimated)
Chronic transfusions
Moohr et al.	1982 [20]	7	0	0
Russell et al.	1984 [21]	20	14	2.0 (estimated)
Pegelow et al.	1995 [23]	61	15	4.8
Ohene-Frempong et al.	1998 [2]	72	14	6.4
Scothorn et al.	2002 [24]	137	23	2.2
Ware et al.	Unpublished	44	11	3.3
Transfusion discontinuation
Wilimas et al.	1980 [4]	10	70	Unavailable
Moohr et al.	1982 [20]	7	14	10
Wang et al.	1991 [5]	10	50	51 (estimated)
Rana et al.	2001 [25]	9	0	0
Change from transfusions to hydroxyurea prophylaxis
Ware et al. *	1999 [15]	15	33	6.8
Ware et al. †	2004 [16]	21	10	3.1
Ware et al. #	2004 [16]	36	19	5.0

^*subjects who had an abrupt discontinuation of transfusions,

^†subjects with an overlap period of transfusions and hydroxyurea, and

^#all subjects who switched from chronic transfusions to hydroxyurea therapy for secondary stroke prophylaxis.