Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the experimental procedure used to examine the effect of ATP influx on actoHMM inside cell-sized liposomes. A W/O droplet in the oil phase is transferred into the aqueous phase through the bulk oil/water interface with a phospholipid monolayer (top left to center); F-actin and HMM are illustrated with red and green, respectively. Next, α-hemolysin and/or ATP are added to the aqueous solution. α-Hemolysin forms channels as heptamers cross the lipid bilayer spontaneously. Finally, ATP is supplied into the liposomes from the bulk aqueous phase. Driven by the chemical energy of ATP, HMM moves along F-actins. Thus, changes can be observed for the distribution of proteins through real-time observation. At the individual experimental conditions, we have performed at least in triple independent experimental runs, to confirm the reproducibility.