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. 2011 Sep 13;6(9):e23818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023818

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Bish et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The relationship of myostatin/IGF-1 (left axis) and ventricular dysfunction (right axis) has been plotted for Adult Normal (n = 5), pediatric right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) (n = 3), pediatric orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) (n = 7 paired LV and RV), and pediatric biventricular assist device (BiVAD) myocardial tissue samples (n = 3 paired LV and RV). A strong association between increased myostatin/IGF-1 ratios and worsening ventricular dysfunction exists: Adult Normal samples had low myostatin/IGF-1 levels, while BiVAD samples displayed high myostatin/IGF-1 levels.