Figure 3. Relationships between principal components, egg predation and predator abundance.

(A) Negative relationship between PC 3 (a measure of edge composition) and the number of C. maculata eggs remaining after 48 h of exposure to predators in soybean fields (P = 0.002). Soybean fields boarded primarily by semi-natural habitats had high values of PC3 whereas soybean fields bordered by cropland had low values. (B) Positive relationship between landscape diversity (Simpson's D) and the abundance of potential lady beetle egg predators (P = 0.012). Diverse landscapes supplied a larger number of predators to soybean fields compared with simple landscapes dominated by cropland. (C) Positive relationship between landscape diversity (Simpson's D) and the abundance of potential exotic lady beetle egg predators (P = 0.034). Diverse landscapes supplied a larger number of exotic predators to soybean fields compared with simple landscapes dominated by cropland. (D) Relationship between PC2 and the abundance of potential exotic lady beetle egg predators (P = 0.071). Soybean fields boarded primarily by urban habitats had high values of PC2 whereas soybean fields bordered by cropland had low values. Egg and predator data was log (x+1) transformed prior to analysis, untransformed means are shown here for interpretation.