Table 3. Associations between growth characteristics and blood pressure at birth defined by Parasite density and Timing of Malaria.

a. Parasite density#						b. TIMING of maternal malaria*
Variable	Malaria	mean	Δ	95% CI of Difference	p-value+	Malaria	mean	Δ	95% CI of Difference	p-value+
Weight kg	None n = 225	3.0	0.3	0.1,0.4	0.005	No malaria n = 225	3.0	0.1	0.0, 0.2	0.006
	Low n = 131	3.0	0.3	0.1,0.4	0.005	In pregnancy n = 138	2.8	*
	High n = 80	2.7	#			At delivery n = 73	2.9	0.1	−0.1, 0.2	0.425
Length cm	None	49.0	1.1	0.5,1.6	0.001	No malaria	49.0	0.7	0.2, 1.2	0.006
	Low	48.6	0.7	0.04,1.3	0.037	In pregnancy	48.3	*
	High	47.9	#			At delivery	48.5	0.2	−0.5, 0.9	0.565
OFC cm	None	34.5	0.7	0.3,1.0	<0.001	No malaria	34.5	0.3	−0.0, 0.6	0.065
	Low	34.4	0.6	0.3,1.0	0.001	In pregnancy	34.2	*
	High	33.8	#			At delivery	34.1	−0.1	−0.4, 0.3	0.792
MUAC mm	None	9.9	0.4	0.2,0.6	0.001	No malaria	10.0	0.3	0.0, 0.4	0.024
	Low	9.9	0.4	0.1,0.6	0.006	In pregnancy	9.7	*
	High	9.5	#			At delivery	9.8	0.1	−0.1, 0.4	0.388
Sub-scapular	None	4.4	0.4	0.0,0.7	0.026	No malaria	4.3	0.2	0.0, 0.4	0.088
mm	Low	4.2	0.2	−0.1,0.6	0.199	In pregnancy	4.1	*
	High	4.0	#			At delivery	4.2	0.1	−0.2, 0.4	0.467

⁺ Analysis of Variance.

#Reference group = High parasitaemia.

*Reference group = Malaria in pregnancy.

There were no differences between Low parasitaemia and None.

Δ – Difference; OFC – Occipito-frontal circumference; MUAC – Mid-upper arm circumference; Subs – Subscapular skinfold thickness;