Table 1.

Peptide vaccines.

Patients	Peptide vaccine	Adjuvant	Response	Ref.
10 resected and 38 advanced pancreatic caner	Mutant K-ras peptide	GM-CSF	Immune response to the peptide vaccine showed prolonged survival compared to nonresponders.	[56]
			K-ras-specific T cells were selectively accumulated in the tumor.
24 resected pancreatic cancer	Mutant K-ras peptide	GM-CSF	No elicitable immunogenicity and unproven efficacy was observed.	[57]
16 resected or locally advanced pancreatic cancer	100 mer MUC1 peptide	SB-AS2 adjuvant	Detectable MUC1-specific humoral and T-cell responses were detected in some patients.	[59]
6 advanced pancreatic cancer	100 mer MUC1 peptide	Incomplete Freund's adjuvant	One patient showed a tendency for increased circulating anti-MUC1 IgG antibody.	[58]
48 advanced pancreatic cancer	Telomerase peptide	GM-CSF	Immune responses were observed in 24 of 38 evaluable patients.	[60]
			One-year survival for the evaluable patients in the intermediate dose group was 25%.
11 advanced pancreatic cance	Personalized peptide vaccine		The 6- and 12-month survival rates for patients who received >3 vaccinations (n = 10) were 80% and 20%, respectively.	[62]
23 resected pancreatic cancer	Mutant ras long peptide		Seventeen of 20 evaluable patients (85%) responded immunologically to the vaccine.	[65]
			Ten-year survival was 20% (four patients out of 20 evaluable).
1 liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer refractory to gemcitabine	Survivin peptide		The patient initially underwent partial remission of liver metastasis which proceeded after 6 months into a complete remission with a duration of 8 months.	[40]