TABLE 2.
ORs (and 95% CIs) for albuminuria associated with sex-specific quintiles of dietary sodium to potassium ratio intake for normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants in the REGARDS Study1
| Quintile of dietary sodium to potassium ratio | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Men2 | 0.24–0.70 | 0.70–0.83 | 0.83–0.96 | 0.96–1.12 | 1.12–2.92 |
| Women2 | 0.07–0.62 | 0.62–0.76 | 0.76–0.90 | 0.90–1.07 | 1.07–2.52 |
| Model 13 | |||||
| Normal weight | Reference | 0.95 (0.73, 1.25) | 1.05 (0.80, 1.38) | 1.05 (0.79, 1.40) | 1.47 (1.11, 1.94) |
| Overweight | Reference | 0.83 (0.67, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.39) | 1.41 (1.13, 1.76) |
| Obese | Reference | 1.12 (0.90, 1.41) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.43) | 1.47 (1.20, 1.82) |
| Model 24 | |||||
| Normal weight | Reference | 0.95 (0.73, 1.25) | 1.04 (0.79, 1.36) | 0.98 (0.74, 1.30) | 1.25 (0.94, 1.66) |
| Overweight | Reference | 0.86 (0.69, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.40) | 1.31 (1.05, 1.64) |
| Obese | Reference | 1.15 (0.92, 1.44) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.33) | 1.17 (0.94, 1.45) | 1.44 (1.17, 1.77) |
| Model 35 | |||||
| Normal weight | Reference | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) | 0.94 (0.71, 1.25) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.72, 1.32) |
| Overweight | Reference | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.41) |
| Obese | Reference | 1.15 (0.91, 1.45) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) | 1.30 (1.04, 1.62) |
| Model 46 | |||||
| Normal weight | Reference | 0.88 (0.66, 1.17) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.23) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.22) |
| Overweight | Reference | 0.79 (0.62, 1.00) | 0.82 (0.65, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.24) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.36) |
| Obese | Reference | 1.13 (0.89, 1.44) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.35) | 1.11 (0.88, 1.40) | 1.28 (1.02, 1.61) |
Normal weight is defined as a BMI (in kg/m2) of 18.5–24.9, overweight as 25–29.9, and obese as ≥30. Albuminuria is defined as a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. REGARDS, Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke.
Values are ranges.
Adjusted for age and total energy intake.
Adjusted for variables in model 1 plus sex and race.
Adjusted for variables in model 2 plus education category, income category, smoking status, alcohol consumption, self-reported health status, and physical activity category.
Adjusted for variables in model 3 plus dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.