FIGURE 1.

Digoxin suppressed differentiation to Th17 cells in vitro. Flow cytometry of intracellular IL-17 and IFN-γ (left panels) and cytokine production (right panels) during differentiation. Naive CD4⁺ T cells isolated from the spleens of C57BL/6 mice were cultured under Th1- (left upper panels) or Th17- (left lower panels) polarizing conditions in the presence or absence of digoxin. After 3 days in culture, supernatants were collected and cells were restimulated with PMA and ionomycin. Cytokine productions were assessed by intracellular staining (left panels, one representative of three data sets.). Concentrations of IL-17 and IFN-γ in supernatants were also determined by HTRF (for IL-17) and AlphaLISA (for IFN-γ) (right panels, data were shown as the mean ± S.D. of triplicate samples. ***, p < 0.001). All experiments were repeated at least once.