FIGURE 2.

The combined effect of force and temperature on the kinetics of the mechanical unfolding of ubiquitin. A, four averaged and normalized polyubiquitin unfolding time courses obtained at a constant temperature of 25 °C at different constant stretching forces: 110, 130, 150, and 170 pN. Discontinuous black lines correspond to single exponential fits with associated rate constants presented as circles in Fig. 3. B, average time course of unfolding at a constant force of 130 pN at varying temperatures: 15, 25, and 35 °C. Discontinuous black lines correspond to single exponential fits, yielding the values for the associated unfolding rate constants presented in Fig. 3.