Translation from a reporter mRNA driven by the HCV IRES is increased relative to cap-dependent translation by 3e5 expression. A, model for the effects of 3e5 on translation of a bicistronic mRNA containing cistrons for FF and Ren luciferase separated by the HCV IRES. The FF cistron is recruited to the 48S PIC through a mechanism that requires the association of eIF3 and eIF4G, which is antagonized by 3e5. The Ren cistron is recruited to the 48S PIC by direct binding of the HCV IRES to eIF3 and the 40 S ribosomal subunit. Abbreviations are as in Fig. 2A. B, dual luciferase assay. The bicistronic mRNA was introduced into 3T3-Ø and 3T3–3e5 cells by nucleoporation and the activities of FF and Ren luciferase measured after 20, 40, and 60 min. For a given cell line, the Ren/FF ratios were similar at each time point, so they were averaged. The mean ± S.D. is shown for three experiments. p < 0.003.