Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression models for perceived difficulty using three sets of variables (descriptive variables, perception-related variables and combined) (n = 465)
| ORa | 95% CI | AORb | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: patient, professional, treatment and social variables (p ≤ 0.10) | |||||
| Dichotomous/categorical | |||||
| Substance abuse disorder (no/yes) | 1.42 | 0.89–2.28 | 0.50 | 0.27–0.94 | 0.031 |
| Diagnosis Axis III (no/yes) | 1.97 | 1.30–3.00 | 2.02 | 1.25–3.27 | 0.004 |
| CPN contacts per week (≤ 1/> 1) | 2.65 | 1.75–4.02 | 2.07 | 1.27–3.37 | 0.003 |
| Use of crisis intervention services during last year (no/yes) | 2.10 | 1.38–3.19 | 1.97 | 1.05–3.68 | 0.033 |
| Use of open closed ward during last year (no/yes) | 1.84 | 1.17–2.88 | 1.90 | 0.97–3.76 | 0.063 |
| Use of locked admission ward during last year (no/yes) | 2.06 | 1.23–3.44 | 2.34 | 1.13–4.82 | 0.021 |
| GAF-score (reference category = 41–50) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 0.00 |
| 31–40 | 2.90 | 1.80–4.65 | 3.07 | 0.94–10.09 | 0.064 |
| 21–30 | 2.84 | 1.08–7.46 | 3.23 | 1.08–9.69 | 0.036 |
| 10–20 | 3.11 | 1.09–8.86 | 2.52 | 1.44–4.41 | 0.001 |
| Number of diagnoses Axis I (reference category = 1) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 0.088 |
| 2 diagnoses | 1.78 | 1.11–2.88 | 1.80 | 1.01–3.20 | 0.047 |
| >2 diagnoses | 2.22 | 1.24–3.98 | 1.80 | 0.87–3.75 | 0.113 |
| Continuousc | |||||
| Number of psychosocial problems Axis IV (0–9) | 1.34 | 1.20–1.51 | 1.25 | 1.08–1.43 | 0.002 |
| Number of used psychiatric services during last year (0–7) | 1.22 | 1.06–1.40 | 0.79 | 0.61–1.04 | 0.095 |
| Model 2: perception-related variables (p ≤ 0.10) | |||||
| Continuousc | |||||
| ‘I feel powerless towards this patient’ (1–7) | 1.75 | 1.51–2.20 | 1.51 | 1.27–1.81 | 0.000 |
| ‘I feel that this patient is able but unwilling to change’ (1–7) | 1.35 | 1.17–1.56 | 1.18 | 0.99–1.40 | 0.072 |
| ‘I am pessimistic about the patient’s change capacities’ (1–7) | 1.37 | 1.21–1.56 | 1.30 | 1.07–1.59 | 0.009 |
| ‘This patient causes trouble within his/her family or social system’ (1–7) | 1.29 | 1.16–1.44 | 1.20 | 1.02–1.41 | 0.027 |
| ‘This patient does not receive intensive treatment while he/she should’ (1–7) | 1.57 | 1.31–1.80 | 1.30 | 1.13–1.49 | 0.000 |
| Model 3: all remaining variables combined (p ≤ 0.05) | |||||
| Dichotomous | |||||
| CPN contacts per week (≤1/>1) | 2.65 | 1.75–4.02 | 1.25 | 1.09–1.44 | 0.001 |
| Use of locked admission ward during last year (no/yes) | 2.06 | 1.23–3.44 | 2.81 | 1.70–4.66 | 0.000 |
| Continuousc | |||||
| Number of psychosocial problems Axis IV (1–9) | 1.34 | 1.20–1.51 | 2.18 | 1.20–3.97 | 0.011 |
| ‘I feel powerless towards this patient’ (1–7) | 1.75 | 1.51–2.20 | 1.67 | 1.42–1.98 | 0.000 |
| ‘I feel that this patient is able but unwilling to change’ (1–7) | 1.35 | 1.17–1.56 | 1.27 | 1.06–1.51 | 0.008 |
| ‘I am pessimistic about the patient’s change capacities’ (1–7) | 1.37 | 1.21–1.56 | 1.19 | 1.01–1.39 | 0.035 |
aBivariate OR, not corrected for other variables
bAdjusted OR, corrected for other variables in the model
cORs of continuous variables increase with each unit increase on given scale or number