The different ECs within a transcription cycle consisting of RNAP (grey), β′ clamp helices (red), σ70 (yellow), DNA (black), Rho-hexamer (light-blue), NusA (dark-green), RNA (red), NusG (dark-blue), NusB (purple), NusE (light-green), 50S ribosomal subunit (sand) and 30S ribosomal subunit (brown).