Table 3.
VARIABLE | (1) By Lifetime Incarceration and Covariates | (2) By Incarceration History (Y1–Y5), demographic/socioeconomic covariates | (3) Incarceration and Housing Instability, Controlling for Y1 Instability | (4) Examining Incarceration and Earnings | (5) Examining Incarceration/Public Housing Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio, SE | Odds Ratio, SE | Odds Ratio, SE | Odds Ratio, SE | Odds Ratio, SE | |
Incarceration (Lifetime) | 1.93 [0.215]*** | ||||
Incarceration (Y1–Y5) | 1.69 [0.218]*** | 1.65 [0.216] *** | 1.50 [0.201]** | 1.60 [0.233]** | |
Public Housing (Y1) | 0.83 [0.136] | ||||
Incarc (Y1–Y5) × PH (Y1) | 1.14 [0.326] | ||||
Incarceration (before Y1) | 1.22 [0.148] | 1.24 [0.154] | 1.21 [0.152] | 1.24 [0.155] | |
Y5 Earnings (logged) | 0.90 [0.014]*** | ||||
Y1 insecurity: skipped payment | 1.76 [0.262] *** | 1.79 [0.269]*** | 1.74 [0.260]*** | ||
Y1 insecurity: evicted | 0.80 [0.286] | 0.81 [0.292] | 0.79 [0.287] | ||
Y1 insecurity: “doubled up” | 1.39 [0.256] | 1.40 [0.258] | 1.38 [0.255] | ||
Y1 insecurity: homeless | 1.77 [0.549] | 1.79 [0.561] | 1.80 [0.562] | ||
Y1 insecurity: lived with others, no rent | 1.59 [0.366] * | 1.58 [0.358]* | 1.61 [0.372]* | ||
Y1 insecurity: moved >1×/year | 1.46 [0.239] * | 1.43 [0.237]* | 1.47 [0.241]* | ||
Y1 insecurity: any insecurity | |||||
Black | 1.60 [0.243]** | 1.41 [0.232]* | 1.45 [0.243] * | 1.40 [0.234]* | 1.49 [0.251]* |
Hispanic | 1.63 [0.315]* | 1.33 [0.266] | 1.31 [0.266] | 1.29 [0.261] | 1.33 [0.270] |
Other | 1.40 [0.338] | 1.23 [0.302] | 1.19 [0.296] | 1.07 [0.276] | 1.21 [0.301] |
Foreign born | 0.74 [0.140] | 0.80 [0.157] | 0.88 [0.176] | 0.91 [0.183] | 0.88 [0.176] |
Age (at baseline) | 0.99 [0.008] | 0.99 [0.008] | 0.99 [0.008] | 0.99 [0.008] | |
Cognitive Ability | 0.99 [0.020] | 1.00 [0.021] | 1.00 [0.021] | 1.00 [0.022] | 1.00 [0.021] |
Grew up with both parents | 0.81 [0.808]* | 0.94 [0.106] | 0.91 [0.104] | 0.92 [0.107] | 0.91 [0.104] |
Maternal history of depression | 1.32 [0.152]* | 1.27 [0.150]* | 1.24 [0.149] | 1.24 [0.150] | 1.24 [0.149] |
Impulsivity | 1.32 [0.085]*** | 1.23 [0.082]** | 1.26 [0.086] *** | 1.22 [0.084]** | 1.26 [0.086]*** |
Cohabiting at baseline | 1.25 [0.182] | 1.19 [0.174] | 1.14 [0.168] | 1.19 [0.175] | |
Nonresident at baseline | 1.04 [0.144] | 0.96 [0.160] | 0.91 [0.152] | 0.97 [0.163] | |
Baseline education: <HS | 0.99 [0.122] | 0.99 [0.124] | 0.95 [0.121] | 1.00 [0.125] | |
Baseline education: some college | 1.04 [0.144] | 1.04 [0.146] | 1.07 [0.152] | 1.03 [0.145] | |
Baseline education: college grad | 0.28 [0.083]*** | 0.30 [0.090] *** | 0.33 [0.100]*** | 0.30 [0.088]*** | |
Employed at baseline | 1.11 [0.162] | 1.15 [0.170] | 1.34 [0.211] | 1.15 [0.170] | |
Substance use at baseline | 1.46 [0.225]* | 1.39 [0.229] * | 1.40 [0.220]* | 1.38 [0.219]* | |
Reports good health at baseline | 0.87 [0.102] | 0.87 [0.103] | 0.90 [0.108] | 0.87 [0.103] |
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001
City FE and missing data indicators included in model, but not table.