TABLE 2.
Parenting Attributions and Attitudes: Alphas, Tests of Gender Differences, and Correlations for Mothers and Fathers
| Mothers α |
Fathers α |
Mothers M (SD) |
Fathers M (SD) |
F | Fa | d | da | r | ra | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attributions | ||||||||||
| Uncontrollable success | .83 | .84 | 5.09 (1.28) | 5.42 (1.13) | 6.49* | 3.73 | −.29 | −.22 | .32** | .31** |
| Adult-controlled failure | .75 | .77 | 4.03 (.69) | 3.89 (.79) | 3.14 | 3.48 | .25 | .26 | −.04 | −.04 |
| Child-controlled failure | .73 | .78 | 3.88 (.56) | 3.79 (.60) | 1.45 | 1.22 | .17 | .16 | −.04 | −.08 |
| Perceived control over failure | - | - | .16 (.87) | .11 (.98) | .44 | .66 | .09 | .11 | −.01 | −.01 |
| Attitudes | ||||||||||
| Progressive attitudes | .64 | .56 | 3.14 (.30) | 3.09 (.32) | 1.77 | .81 | .16 | .11 | .25** | .24* |
| Authoritarian attitudes | .87 | .89 | 2.79 (.34) | 2.94 (.41) | 11.94** | 8.27** | −.38 | −.36 | .36*** | .17 |
| Modernity of attitudes | - | - | .35 (.45) | .15 (.52) | 14.51*** | 10.38** | .39 | .40 | .42*** | .17 |
Note. Ns range from 99–108. Repeated-measures linear mixed models with gender of parent as the within-subjects factor. Cohen’s d was computed using Equation 3 for paired samples in Dunlap, Cortina, Vaslow, and Burke (1996).
a
Controlling for parents’ age, education, and possible social desirability bias.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.