Table 2.

Univariate relations of antecedent psychosocial variables from target self-report with early alcohol initiation

Variable	B	SE	Wald	OR	[95% CI]
Personality system variables
Value on academic achievement	−0.028	0.060	0.22	0.973	[0.865, 1.093]
Expectation for academic achievement	−0.107	0.050	4.53*	0.899	[0.814, 0.992]
Attitude toward school	−0.163	0.060	7.45**	0.850	[0.756, 0.955]
Intolerance of deviance	−0.125	0.041	9.43**	0.882	[0.814, 0.956]
Attitude toward drinking	0.191	0.067	8.19**	1.210	[1.062, 1.379]
Positive alcohol expectancies	−0.007	0.014	0.26	0.993	[0.966, 1.021]
Negative alcohol expectancies	0.005	0.016	0.10	1.005	[0.974, 1.038]
Attitude toward drug use	0.135	0.088	2.35	1.144	[0.963, 1.360]
Religiosity	−0.100	0.039	6.68**	0.905	[0.838, 0.976]
Impulsivity	−0.015	0.057	0.07	0.985	[0.882, 1.102]
Thrill-seeking behavior	0.114	0.058	3.78†	1.120	[0.999, 1.256]
Internalizing behavior	0.016	0.022	0.57	1.017	[0.974, 1.061]
Susceptibility to peer pressure	0.207	0.161	1.65	1.230	[0.897, 1.686]
Perceived peer environment
Relative parental vs. peer influence	0.120	0.049	5.86*	1.127	[1.023, 1.242]
Friends' approval of drinking	0.160	0.057	7.99**	1.174	[1.050, 1.312]
Friends' approval for drug use	0.205	0.073	7.85**	1.228	[1.064, 1.418]
Peer pressure for drinking	−0.053	0.243	0.05	0.948	[0.589, 1.526]
Peer pressure for smoking	0.481	0.346	1.94	1.618	[0.822,3.186]
Perceived parental environment
Relationship with mother	−0.021	0.028	0.56	0.980	[0.928, 1.034]
Relationship with father	−0.034	0.027	1.61	0.967	[0.917, 1.019]
Conflict with parents	0.030	0.013	5.79*	1.031	[1.006, 1.057]
Parental control	−0.063	0.026	5.99*	0.939	[0.893, 0.988]
Parental approval of child drinking	0.111	0.045	6.04*	1.117	[1.023, 1.220]
Parental alcohol socialization	−0.009	0.026	0.11	0.991	[0.941, 1.044]
Parental approval of child drug use	0.081	0.056	2.07	1.084	[0.971, 1.210]
Exposure to mother's drinking	0.414	0.230	3.22†	1.512	[0.963, 2.375]
Exposure to father's drinking	0.420	0.243	2.98†	1.521	[0.945, 2.449]
Behavior variables
General deviant behavior	0.079	0.025	9.80**	1.082	[1.030, 1.137]
Externalizing behavior	0.042	0.073	0.33	1.043	[0.904, 1.203]
Sipped alcohol by age 10	0.633	0.232	7.42**	1.883	[1.194,2.969]
Religious behavior	−0.045	0.024	3.44†	0.956	[0.911, 1.003]
School performance	−0.241	0.159	2.32	0.785	[0.576, 1.072]
Prosocial activities	0.044	0.065	0.47	1.045	[0.921, 1.187]

Notes: Coefficients are from separate logistic regressions, including a constant, predicting early-onset status. Odds ratios (ORs) [Exp(B)s] and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported for all variables.

^†p < .10;

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01 (all two tailed, df = 1).