Table 2.
Univariate Associations With 2-Year Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness Progression Among Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy Participants
| Baseline clinical characteristics | Regression coefficienta, mm (95% CI) | P |
| Age (per 10 years older) | 0.002 (−.012 to.006) | .186 |
| Male sex (vs female sex) | −0.001 (−.009 to.006) | .731 |
| Race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white vs other) | 0.001 (−.006 to .007) | .842 |
| Tobacco smoking (current smoker vs not) | 0.002 (−.005 to .009) | .544 |
| Illicit drug use (ever vs never) | 0.003 (−.004 to .010) | .458 |
| BMI (>25 vs ≤25) | 0.009 (.003–.016) | <.01 |
| Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg higher) | −0.00003 (−.002 to .002) | .808 |
| Hypertension (vs not) | 0.004 (−.003 to .011) | .282 |
| Diabetes (vs not) | 0.003 (−.009 to .014) | .663 |
| Framingham Risk Score (per unit higher) | 0.001 (−.0003 to .001) | .063 |
| Baseline lipid and biomarker levels | ||
| Total cholesterol (per mg/dL higher) | 0.00001 (−.0005 to .00008) | .696 |
| LDL-C (per mg/dL higher) | −0.000003 (−.00001 to .00009) | .946 |
| HDL-C (per mg/dL higher) | −0.0001 (−.0003 to .0001) | .369 |
| Triglycerides (per mg/dL higher) | 0.00001 (−.00001 to .00002) | .832 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL-C (per unit higher) | 0.001 (−.001 to .003) | .263 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C (per unit higher) | 0.001 (−.018 to .004) | .527 |
| ApoA-1 (per mg/dL higher) | −0.00000 (−.0001 to .0002) | .995 |
| ApoB (per mg/dL higher) | 0.00008 (−.00007 to .0002) | .311 |
| ApoB/ApoA-1 (per unit higher) | 0.0078 (−.0094 to .011) | .880 |
| HOMA-IR (per unit higher) | −0.0004 (−.001 to .0003) | .252 |
| Serum creatinine (per mg/dL higher) | 0.017 (.002–.032) | .029 |
| GFR (<60 vs ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.0002 (−.020 to .020) | .983 |
| Cystatin-C (per mg/dL higher) | 0.028 (.005–.052) | .018 |
| hsCRP (per mg/dL higher) | 0.0002 (−.0002 to .0007) | .285 |
| HIV-specific parameters | ||
| Time since HIV infection diagnosis (per year longer) | 0.0003 (−.0004 to .001) | .477 |
| cART exposure (per year longer) | −0.022 (−.060 to .014) | .238 |
| Prior AIDS (vs not) | 0.004 (−.004 to .011) | .354 |
| CD4+ cell count nadir <200 cells/mm3 (vs not) | 0.002 (−.004 to .009) | .524 |
| Baseline CD4+ cell count (per 100 cells/mm3 higher) | −0.001 (−.002 to .001) | .350 |
| Baseline suppressed HIV RNA viral load (<400 copies/mL vs not) | −0.006 (−.014 to .0006) | .074 |
| Persistently suppressed HIV RNA viral load (<400 copies/mL throughout follow-up vs ≥400 copies/mL at ≥1 visit) | −0.008 (−.014 to −.001) | .023 |
| Baseline cART prescription (vs not) | −0.007 (−.015 to −.0003) | .060 |
| Baseline tenofovir prescription (vs abacavir) | −0.002 (−.011 to .008) | .742 |
| Baseline NNRTI prescription (vs PI prescription) | −0.012 (−.020 to −.004) | .004 |
Abbreviations: ApoB/A-1, apolipoprotein B/A-1; BMI, body mass index, defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (see Methods for equation); hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.
Regression coefficients represent a greater or lesser change in carotid artery intima-media thickness (in mm) over 2 years per difference in the corresponding parameter.