Table 3. Baseline, Follow-up, and Change in Hemoglobin A1ca.
| Intervention Group | No. of Participants | Mean (SE), % | Mean (95% Confidence Interval), % | Pair-Wise P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Value | Follow-up Value | Within-Group Changes | Between-Group Comparison vs Control Group Changes | |||||
| Intention-to-Treat Analysis (n = 262) | ||||||||
| Control | 41 | 7.62 (0.10) | 7.74 (0.10) | 0.11 (−0.13 to 0.36) | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Resistance | 73 | 7.58 (0.07) | 7.53 (0.08) | −0.04 (−0.23 to 0.14) | −0.16 (−0.46 to 0.15) | .32 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Aerobic | 72 | 7.56 (0.07) | 7.43 (0.08) | −0.12 (−0.31 to 0.07) | −0.24 (−0.55 to 0.07) | .14 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Combination | 76 | 7.59 (0.07) | 7.36 (0.08) | −0.23 (−0.41 to −0.05) | −0.34 (−0.64 to −0.03) | .03 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Per-Protocol Analysis (n = 215) | ||||||||
| Control | 41 | 7.61 (0.10) | 7.72 (0.10) | 0.11 (−0.13 to 0.35) | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Resistance | 60 | 7.55 (0.08) | 7.46 (0.08) | −0.09 (−0.28 to 0.11) | −0.19 (−0.51 to 0.12) | .29 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Aerobic | 52 | 7.50 (0.09) | 7.42 (0.09) | −0.08 (−0.29 to 0.13) | −0.19 (−0.51 to 0.13) | .32 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Combination | 62 | 7.54 (0.08) | 7.27 (0.08) | −0.27 (−0.46 to −0.08) | −0.38 (−0.69 to −0.07) | .027 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Intention-to-Treat Analysis Limited to Participants With Baseline Hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% (n = 119) | ||||||||
| Control | 24 | 8.00 (0.012) | 8.18 (0.12) | 0.18 (−0.12 to 0.48) | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Resistance | 30 | 7.97 (0.09) | 7.83 (0.10) | −0.14 (−0.38 to 0.10) | −0.33 (−0.72 to 0.06) | .10 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Aerobic | 31 | 7.97 (0.09) | 7.64 (0.10) | −0.32 (−0.58 to −0.07) | −0.50 (−0.90 to −0.11) | .01 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Combination | 34 | 7.99 (0.09) | 7.64 (0.10) | −0.34 (−0.58 to −0.11) | −0.53 (−0.92 to −0.14) | .008 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Per-Protocol Analysis Limited to Participants With Baseline Hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% (n = 94) | ||||||||
| Control | 24 | 7.99 (0.12) | 8.17 (0.13) | 0.18 (−0.12 to 0.48) | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Resistance | 25 | 7.95 (0.10) | 7.78 (0.10) | −0.17 (−0.42 to 0.09) | −0.34 (−0.75 to 0.05) | .09 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Aerobic | 20 | 7.89 (0.11) | 7.64 (0.12) | −0.25 (−0.53 to 0.03) | −0.43 (−0.84 to −0.02) | .04 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Combination | 25 | 7.97 (0.10) | 7.52 (0.11) | −0.45 (−0.71 to −0.19) | −0.63 (−1.03 to −0.23) | .002 | ||
a
Values are expressed as fitted mean and all are adjusted for baseline value, age, sex, duration of diabetes, and race/ethnicity. Blank cells indicate not applicable.