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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Microbiol. 2011 Aug 31;13(10):1460–1469. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01651.x

Fig. 2. Signalling by EHEC and Salmonella to the actin remodelling machinery.

Fig. 2

A. The formation of an actin-rich pedestal by EHEC requires the Type III translocation of Tir, which is subsequently embedded in the plasma membrane. There it recruits host signalling proteins, such as IRTKS, which in turn binds the EHEC EspF(U) effector. EspF(U) dimerise and bring N-WASP molecules in close proximity to enhance N-WASP activation.

B. Salmonella ruffle formation requires the WAVE2 signalling complex, but recent reports suggest that this is not essential to invasion. Instead, the actin remodelling required for invasion is mediated by the WASH complex. In addition, a parallel pathway consisting of Rho, Rho kinase, and Myosin II cooperates with the WASH pathway to facilitate Salmonella invasion.