Table 3.

Tests of normality for transformed Canton-S lnCHC data (n = 200)

Parameter	Observed value	Critical value	p at critical value	Reject null hypothesis?
χ2	7.2230	8.34	0.50	do not reject
√b1	−0.2655	−0.280	0.05	do not reject
b2	3.0774	2.59–3.40	0.10	do not reject

Null hypothesis: there is no difference between the distribution pattern of the transformed data and the normal distribution. The distribution of transformed lnCHC values passes three tests for normality: χ² goodness-of-fit test (v = 9 degrees of freedom), skewness (√b₁) test, and kurtosis (b₂) test. Critical values those for the most significant tabulated p values¹⁹ that were not surpassed by the observed test value.