Table 3.

Effects of Oral Administration of M. charantia on Diabetes Mellitus

Experimental Models	Parts of Plant used	Effects	References
Normal and diabetic rats	Whole plant	Beneficial	Leatherdale et al. [26]
			Jeevathayaparan et al. [27]
			Chandrasekar et al. [28]
Diabetic rats	Ethanol extract of whole plant	Beneficial	Chandrasekar et al. [29]
Normal and diabetic rats	Fruit juice and various extracts	Beneficial	Ali et al. [30, 31]
Human (NIDDM)	Fruit juice/leaves	Beneficial	William and Pickup [6]; Ahmad et al. [45]
Human (NIDDM)	Fruit juice	No effect	Patel et al. [12], Day and Bailey [8]
Human (NIDDM)	Fruit powder	Beneficial	Akhtar et al. [32], Ahmed et al. [33]
Normal rabbits	Fruit juice	No effect	Kulkarni et al. [23]
Diabetic rabbits	Fruit juice	Beneficial	Akhtar et al. [32]
Normal and diabetic rats	Fruit juice	No effect	Karunanayake et al. [24] Platel and Srinivasan [16, 17]
Normal and diabetic rats	Fruit juice	Beneficial	Srivastavaet et al. [49]: Karunanayake et al. [24]
Normal and diabetic rat	Fruit juice	Beneficial	Sharma et al. [37]; Day et al. [19]
Normal and diabetic rats	Seed	Beneficial	Kedar and Chakrabarti [35]
Normal and diabetic rats	Fruit juice	Beneficial	Sharma et al. [34]