Fig. 4.

Run-on transcription assays revealed increased transcription induced by TGF-β and PDGF-BB treatment. Run-on transcription assays were performed with nuclei obtained from control untreated, PDGF-BB-, and TGF-β1-treated activated mHSC/myofibroblasts. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was used as a negative control, as this cytokine generally exerts the opposite effects of TGF-β. Total RNA was extracted 6 h after the addition of the cytokine and processed as described in materials and methods. Signal intensities of autoradiographies were determined by densitometric analysis. Values were corrected for loading differences using signals obtained with S14 as controls. Values are expressed as fold increase compared with identical time-point controls and are means ± SE of ≥3 experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. untreated controls.