Fig. 2.

ODE-induced NOD2 gene expression in mononuclear phagocytes is not exclusively mediated by TNF-α. Although various concentrations of human recombinant TNF-α (rhTNF-α) resulted in increased NOD2 gene expression at 24 h (A), blocking TNF-α by an anti-TNF-α (1 μg/ml) monoclonal antibody (B) or by etanercept (fusion protein) did not significantly reduce NOD2 expression (C). Data are expressed as percent fold change in NOD2 compared with media control (mean ± SE; n = 3 independent experiments). There was also no difference in ODE-induced NOD2 mRNA as normalized to ribosomal 18s in isolated TNF-α ⁻/⁻ lung macrophages compared with wild-type (TNF-α⁺/⁺) lung macrophages (D). Statistical significance: *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with media control (no ODE).