Table 2.
Number and percentage (%) of placental histopathological changes in women presenting normoglycemia, mild gestational hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and overt diabetes mellitus
| Pregnant groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histopathological changes | Normoglycemia | MGH | GDM | Overt DM |
| Circulatory | ||||
| Cystoid degeneration | 0 | 1 (2.9) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (3.6) |
| Chorial edema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.4) |
| Intima edema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (4.8) |
| Interstitial hemorrhage | 1 (16.7) | 2 (5.9) | 0 | 3 (4.8) |
| Congestion | 2 (33.3) | 17 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) | 52 (62.6) |
| Subchorial infarct * | 2 (33.3) a | 3 (8.8) b | 0 | 3 (3.6) b |
| Degenerative | ||||
| Villus edema | 1 (16.7) | 7 (20.6) | 3 (37.5) | 18 (21.7) |
| Villus fibrosis | 1 (16.7) | 8 (23.5) | 0 | 11 (13.2) |
| Intervillus fibrosis | 3 (50.0) | 28 (82.4) | 6 (75.0) | 65 (78.3) |
| Calcification * | 4 (66.7) a | 15 (44.1) a | 1 (12.5) b | 42 (50.6) a |
| Focal hyaline degeneration | 4 (66.7) | 28 (82.4) | 6 (75.0) | 71 (85.5) |
| Proliferative | ||||
| Dysmaturity | 0 | 5 (14.7) | 3 (37.5) | 8 (9.6) |
| Hofbauer hyperplasia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) |
| Chorioangiosis | 1 (16.7) | 4 (11.8) | 0 | 7 (8.4) |
| Syncytial nodes | 1 (16.7) a | 11 (32.4) b | 0 | 8 (9.6) a |
| Inflammatory | ||||
| Villitis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.4) |
| Focal amnionitis | 1 (16.7) | 4 (11.8) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (8.4) |
| Others | ||||
| Phantom cells | 0 | 2 (5.9) | 0 | 1 (1.2) |
| Two vessels | 0 | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 3 (3.6) |
| Endarteritis | 0 | 8 (23.5) a | 1 (12.5) b | 7 (8.4) b |
| Duplicate membrane | 2 (33.3) a | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.2) b |
| Cord hemorrhage | 3 (50.0) | 5 (14.7) | 0 | 14 (18.1) |
| Total number | 6 | 34 | 8 | 83 |
Values followed by different letters present significant statistically difference (p < 0.05)