Table 3. Clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) compared to other respiratory viruses.
| Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) | Other Respiratory Viruses | ||||||
| Mean [95% CI] | Min | Max | Mean [95% CI] | Min | Max | p-value | |
| Duration of Symptoms (days) | 3.3 [2.8–3.9] | 1.0 | 60.0 | 4.0 [3.4–4.5] | 1.0 | 56.0 | 0.10 |
| Max Temperature (oF) | 100.9 [100.7–101.1] | 96.0 | 106.5 | 100.2 [99.9–100.4] | 92.4 | 110.3 | <0.01 |
| Max Heart Rate (/min) | 128.6 [125.1–132.0] | 65.0 | 220.0 | 140.8 [136.8–144.7] | 19.0 | 226 | <0.01 |
| Max Respiratory Rate (/min) | 31.5 [29.9–33.1] | 2.0 | 80.0 | 39.0 [37.0–41.1] | 14.0 | 168.0 | <0.01 |
| Lowest SBP a (mmHG) | 105.7 [103.5–108.0] | 43.0 | 176.0 | 111.1 [108.5–113.6] | 11.0 | 202.0 | <0.01 |
| Corresponding DBP b (mmHG) | 60.1 [58.6–61.7] | 12.0 | 98.0 | 64.9 [63.1–66.6] | 0.0 | 133.0 | <0.01 |
| Lowest Oxygen Saturation (%) | 93.9 [93.2–94.7] | 30.0 | 100.0 | 95.2 [94.8–95.6] | 73.0 | 100.0 | <0.01 |
| Sodium (meq/L) | 136.8 [136.4–137.2] | 127.0 | 146.0 | 136.7 [136.1–137.4] | 114.0 | 144.0 | 0.92 |
| Potassium (meq/L) | 3.9 [3.8–4.0] | 2.6 | 6.1 | 4.1 [4.0–4.1] | 2.5 | 6.0 | <0.01 |
| Bicarbonate (meq/L) | 24.3 [23.9–24.8] | 13.0 | 36.0 | 25.6 [24.0–27.2] | 12.0 | 107.0 | 0.13 |
| Chloride (meq/L) | 102.6 [102.0–103.1] | 89.0 | 114.0 | 101.8 [100.2–103.4] | 21.0 | 116.0 | 0.36 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.94 [0.77–1.11] | 0.13 | 10.25 | 0.95 [0.58–1.32] | 0.09 | 28.0 | 0.95 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 13.2 [11.4–14.9] | 2.0 | 118.0 | 12.6 [11.3–13.8] | 0.53 | 60.0 | 0.59 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 135.6 [126.9–144.4] | 51.0 | 575.0 | 131.0 [123.1–138.9] | 0.66 | 377.0 | 0.44 |
| White blood count (×103/ml) | 8.5 [8.1–9.0] | 0.7 | 21.5 | 13.6 [12.3–14.9] | 0.20 | 86.5 | <0.01 |
| Bands (%) | 2.8 [2.0–3.6] | 0.0 | 45.0 | 2.5 [1.8–3.2] | 0.0 | 36.0 | 0.61 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.0 [12.8–13.3] | 7.2 | 18.3 | 12.2 [11.9–12.5] | 6.3 | 17.8 | <0.01 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 38.0 [37.3–38.7] | 21.8 | 52.1 | 35.9 [35.1–36.8] | 19.1 | 51.7 | <0.01 |
| Platelets (×103/ml) | 229.7 [218.6–240.8] | 13.0 | 539.0 | 288.7 [271.2–306.2] | 16.0 | 700.0 | <0.01 |
| Lactate (meq/L) | 2.4 [1.3–3.5] | 0.4 | 23.6 | 2.0 [1.5–2.4] | 0.6 | 7.4 | 0.44 |
| AST (IU/L) | 52.0 [39.5–64.4] | 14.0 | 332.0 | 133.3 [−0.12–266.8] | 11.0 | 3273.0 | 0.23 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 36.6 [29.3–44.0] | 9.0 | 148.0 | 122.2 [10.7–233.7] | 8.0 | 2560.0 | 0.13 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.8 [0.7–0.9] | 0.2 | 2.0 | 1.2 [0.7–1.6] | 0.2 | 11.2 | 0.08 |
| Direct Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.2 [0.1–0.2] | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 [0.1–0.3] | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
| Alkaline Phosphate (IU/L) | 95.2 [79.1–111.2] | 31.0 | 277.0 | 114.2 [91.0–137.4] | 48.0 | 477.0 | 0.18 |
| Protein (g/dl) | 6.7 [6.5–6.9] | 5.0 | 9.0 | 6.5 [6.2–6.7] | 4.1 | 8.8 | 0.13 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.5 [3.3–3.6] | 2.2 | 4.9 | 3.2 [2.9–3.4] | 1.5 | 4.3 | 0.02 |
| PTT (sec) | 32.9 [27.4–38.5] | 22.3 | 75.5 | 29.0 [23.5–34.4] | 11.8 | 41.9 | 0.31 |
| PT (sec) | 15.8 [13.2–18.4] | 11.5 | 34.9 | 18.8 [13.3–24.3] | 11.5 | 49.6 | 0.31 |
| INR | 1.4 [1.1–1.7] | 0.9 | 3.6 | 1.5 [1.1–1.8] | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0.80 |
| Creatine Kinase (IU//L) | 304.3 [166.4–442.1] | 15.0 | 2548.0 | 304.6 [37.9–571.2] | 14.0 | 2368.0 | 1.00 |
| MB Fraction (%) | 1.7 [0.5–2.9] | 0.0 | 15.2 | 3.6 [−0.04–7.2] | 0.0 | 18.7 | 0.30 |
| Troponin I (ng/ml) | 0.24 [0.10–0.37] | 0.08 | 2.8 | 0.82 [−0.15–1.78] | 0.03 | 9.0 | 0.23 |
a
Systolic blood pressure;
b
Diastolic blood pressure; CI = confidence intervals; PT = prothrombin time; PTT = partial thromboplastin time; INR = international normalized ratio; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase.