Table 1.
Characteristic | na | (%) |
---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||
Gender | ||
Male | 137 | (57.3) |
Female | 184 | (42.7) |
Age (years) | ||
20-29 | 78 | (34.2) |
30-39 | 165 | (47.0) |
40-60 | 76 | (18.8) |
Current marital status | ||
Unmarried | 101 | (31.5) |
Married | 220 | (68.5) |
Education levelb | ||
No formal education | 58 | (18.6) |
Primary (1-5 yrs.) | 68 | (21.9) |
Lower secondary (6-10 yrs.) | 156 | (50.2) |
Higher secondary and above (11+ yrs.) | 29 | (9.3) |
Monthly income (NRs)c (Median = 4000) | ||
0 | 89 | (28.3) |
200-4000 | 80 | (25.4) |
4001-300000 | 146 | (46.3) |
Any children | ||
No | 102 | (31.8) |
Yes | 219 | (68.2) |
Sexual orientation | ||
Heterosexual | 319 | (99.4) |
Homo- or bi-sexual | 2 | (0.6) |
Clinical and psychosocial characteristics | ||
Months since first testing HIV+ (Median = 53) | ||
1-53 | 158 | (50.0) |
54+ | 158 | (50.0) |
Months on ART (Median = 24) | ||
Not currently on ART | 87 | (27.2) |
1-24 | 129 | (40.3) |
25+ | 104 | (32.5) |
Experience of TB diagnosis since testing HIV+ | ||
No | 236 | (73.5) |
Yes | 85 | (26.5) |
Bothersome HIV symptom count (Median = 3) | ||
0-3 | 173 | (53.9) |
4-20 | 148 | (46.1) |
Smoking status | ||
Never smoker | 129 | (40.2) |
Former smoker | 40 | (12.5) |
Current smoker | 152 | (47.4) |
Injection drug use historyd | ||
Never user | 191 | (60.1) |
Former user | 100 | (31.4) |
Current user | 27 | (8.5) |
Alcohol use, last 30 days | ||
No | 281 | (87.5) |
Yes | 40 | (12.5) |
Marijuana use, last 6 months | ||
No | 290 | (90.3) |
Yes | 31 | (9.7) |
Internalized AIDS stigma score (Median = 4) | ||
0-4 | 187 | (58.3) |
5-7 | 134 | (41.7) |
Beck Depression Inventory scoree | ||
< 20 | 239 | (74.5) |
20+ | 82 | (25.5) |
NRs, Nepalese Rupees. ART, antiretroviral therapy.
a Total sample size varies due to missing data.
b Based on the structure of the Nepalese education system.
c 4000 NRs = US $55 approximately, as of February 2010.
d Former users: participants reporting a lifetime history of injecting drug use but no use in the last 6 months classified. Current users: participants reporting injecting drug use in the last 6 months. Never users: participants reporting no lifetime history of injecting drug use. Three participants who indicated a lifetime history of injecting drug use did not respond to the question regarding 6-month use and hence could not be distinguished as former or current users.
e A score of 20 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory defined the presence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, based on clinical validation of the scale in Nepal (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.91) [48].