Table 4.
Multiple logistic regression analysis of factors associated with readiness to quit (contemplation or preparation stage of change)a among current smokers visiting a hospital or clinic in the past 12 months (N = 131b)
| Variable | AOR | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 5.79 | (0.86-39.10) |
| Female (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Age (years) | ||
| 34+ | 1.10 | (0.40-3.03) |
| 20-33 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 1.30 | (0.39-4.30) |
| Unmarried (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Any formal education | ||
| Yes | 0.12 | (0.02-0.71)* |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Monthly income (NRs)c | ||
| 4001+ | 0.97 | (0.39-2.41) |
| 0-4000 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Any children | ||
| Yes | 1.30 | (0.42-4.05) |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Months since first testing HIV+ | ||
| 54+ | 0.97 | (0.37-2.49) |
| 1-53 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Currently receiving ART | ||
| Yes | 0.71 | (0.26-1.93) |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Bothersome HIV symptom count | ||
| 4-20 | 0.50 | (0.19-1.32) |
| 0-3 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Experience of TB diagnosis since testing HIV+ | ||
| Yes | 0.80 | (0.25-2.51) |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Number of hospital visits, last 12 months | ||
| 3+ | 0.87 | (0.32-2.39) |
| 1-2 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Beck Depression Inventory scored | ||
| 20+ | 1.20 | (0.41-3.57) |
| < 20 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Lifetime injecting drug use | ||
| Yes | 0.50 | (0.16-1.60) |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Presence of smoker among other household members | ||
| Yes | 2.91 | (1.16-7.29)* |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Age of smoking initiation (years) | ||
| 15+ | 1.67 | (0.67-4.15) |
| 7-14 (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Average daily smoking intensity, last 30 days | ||
| Moderate-to-heavy smoker (> 10 cigarettes/day) | 0.42 | (0.16-1.13) |
| Light smoker (≤ 10 cigarettes/day) (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Prior quit attempt, last 12 months | ||
| Yes | 3.77 | (1.48-9.58)** |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Experience of smoking status assessment by a physician, last 12 months |
||
| Yes | 3.34 | (1.05-10.61)* |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | |
| Experience of smoking status assessment by paramedic or nurse, last 12 months |
||
| Yes | 1.01 | (0.36-2.85) |
| No (Ref) | 1.00 |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. ART, antiretroviral therapy.
a The reference group was current smokers in the precontemplation stage of change.
b After accounting for the collective set of missing values associated with the variables included in the multivariable model, data from 131 participants were analyzed.
c 4000 NRs = US $55 approximately, as of February 2010.
d A score of 20 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory defined the presence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, according to clinical validation of the scale in Nepal (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.91) [48].
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.