Figure 2.

Time course of HIV with the inclusion of the amplification effect caused by co-infection (simulation 2). In (A), the dynamics of HSV-2, syphilis, gonorrhea and malaria were simulated and allowed to approach steady state before the introduction of HIV into the population. Once endemic steady states of these infections were reached, 1% of individuals were infected with HIV, and HIV established in the population. (B) shows in more detail the time course of HIV in Malawi simulated by the inclusion of the amplification effect generated by co-infection (Simulation 2). The measured HIV prevalence from Malawi, for both males and females in general population, was extracted from several studies [91].